Evaluating Torsion with the Torsionometer, Synoptophore, Double Maddox Rod Test and Maddox Wing: A Reliability Study

Zoran Georgievski BappSc (Orth)
Lionel Kowal, MBBS FRACS FRACO

This paper reports a reliability study which compared a new test for the measurement of torsion, the Torsionometer, and three standard clinical methods: the Synoptophore, double Maddox rod test and Maddox wing. Measurements on the four tests correlated well, however there were significant discrepancies between different tests on several occasions. Such variation is clinically important and it is therefore recommended that clinicians evaluate torsion with more than one test.