Congenital Esotropia – an overview

Robin Wilkinson

This paper looks at congenital Esotropia, its phenotypic expression and the current theories on the neural mechanisms underlying the disorder. The clinical spectrum of the disorder is outlined and current research on latent nystagmus, asymmetries of optokinetic nystagmus and defects in visual motion perception are discussed. The aetiology of the disorder is unknown but recent studies on the macaque monkey which has naturally occurring congenital Esotropia provides the first neuroanatomic evidence for cerebral cortex maldevelopments associated with the disorder.